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This book presents the results from the palynological and paleoecological studies conducted with my participation in Southwestern Bulgaria during the period 1985-2020. The study area has always played a key role in the investigation of the Late Quaternary vegetation history in Bulgaria since the middle of the past century. With the development of the research methods (pollen analysis, determination of plant macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, sediment analysis, computer software, etc.) in the last decades it turned out to be a challenge for me to evaluate critically again and synthesize the paleoecological information. In my opinion, such approach allows to reveal in more details the general trends of the postglacial vegetation development for the last 18000-15000 years, and to take also into account the role of humans in transforming the natural environment after the establishment of agriculture and the practice of stockbreeding in this part of the country along the Struma river.

Vegetation and climate.

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Les pelouses calcicoles de Haute-Normandie sont des milieux semi-naturels de grande valeur biologique. Abandonnées de toute exploitation agricole depuis les années 1950, des successions végétales secondaires se mettent en place et menacent à terme la biodiversité des stades initiaux. Après avoir réalisé une analyse bibliographique internationale, la variabilité écologique des sites de pelouses et l’impact des systèmes de gestion conservatoire sont étudiés. A l’échelle du paysage, une recherche d’écologie historique montre que les trajectoires des successions végétales sont en partie définies par les pratiques agro-pastorales anciennes. Inapplication de ces pratiques à divers compartiments de l’écosystème permet ensuite de mieux appréhender la dynamique des différentes communautés en rapport avec la mise en place d’une gestion capable de conserver leur importante biodiversité.

Geography --- végétation --- écosystème --- biodoversité --- calciphile --- calcicole --- pelouse

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"Explores potential tools to enhance plant performance for remediation of pollutants" -- Back cover.

Phytoremediation. --- Vegetation-based remediation --- Vegetative bioremediation --- Bioremediation

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This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years. Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change). This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.

Paleoecology. --- Paleoecology --- Vegetation dynamics. --- Dynamics of vegetation --- Acclimatization (Plants) --- Plant communities --- Vegetation and climate --- Palaeoecology --- Ecology --- Paleobiology --- climate change --- open access --- vegetation dynamics

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Phytoremediation. --- Vegetation-based remediation --- Vegetative bioremediation --- Bioremediation